Buyer and engineering guide

Piston, Pump and Peristaltic Filling Comparison

Compare piston, pump, peristaltic and gravity filling methods for liquid and viscous products.

Updated 25 August 2026Practical UK guidance
Direct answer

Match the filling principle to viscosity, particles, shear sensitivity, cleaning, dose range, temperature, chemistry and required cutoff. The pump name alone does not define accuracy or hygienic performance.

Why this matters

Piston filling uses positive displacement and suits many liquids and pastes. Pump systems can offer flexible product transfer and metering. Peristaltic filling isolates product inside tubing and can suit controlled small volumes. Gravity methods can suit free-flowing liquids with stable supply.

Decision table

MethodStrengthsWatch points
PistonPositive displacement, viscous products and nozzle choiceCylinder range, valves, particles, seals and cleaning
Gear/lobe/other pumpFlexible feed and recipe controlShear, slip, pressure and calibration
PeristalticProduct contained in replaceable tubingTube life, pressure, viscosity and dose range
Gravity/timed flowSimple path for free-flowing liquidsHead pressure, foam and supply level
Net weightDirect mass feedbackScale stability and cutoff

Information to collect first

  • Record viscosity at actual filling temperature.
  • Measure the largest particle.
  • Define product-contact and cleaning requirements.
  • Check shear sensitivity and aeration.
  • State minimum and maximum dose.
  • Provide final containers for drip trials.

Recommended method

  1. 1

    Screen methods for compatibility first.

  2. 2

    Trial the hardest product at the smallest dose.

  3. 3

    Confirm long-run heating and stoppage behaviour.

  4. 4

    Select nozzle cutoff after observing the product.

  5. 5

    Agree changeover evidence.

Common mistakes to avoid

  • Selecting by a broad name such as sauce or chemical.
  • Assuming pump speed equals delivered volume.
  • Ignoring tubing or seal compatibility.
  • Testing only with water.
  • Using one pump range for extreme dose ratios.

Questions people also ask

Which filler is best for thick paste?

Piston or suitable positive-displacement pump systems are common, but temperature, particles and cutoff must be trialled.

When is peristaltic filling useful?

When product isolation, rapid fluid-path change or controlled small doses are valuable and pressure/viscosity are suitable.

Can one filler handle thin and thick products?

Possibly, but prove both extremes and expect different nozzles or settings.

Why are comparison trials misleading?

Different samples, temperatures, quantities or check methods make results incomparable.

Relevant machinery routes

Continue to the appropriate specialist route

Use the links below after defining the product, pack, output and acceptance criteria.

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