Buyer and engineering guide

Packaging Machine Maintenance and Critical Spares Guide

Build a preventive-maintenance schedule and critical-spares plan for filling, capping, labelling and packaging machinery.

Updated 25 August 2026Practical UK guidance
Direct answer

Base maintenance on the machine manual, operating environment, failure history and production consequence. Separate operator checks, planned technical work and condition-based tasks, then stock parts where failure impact and lead time justify inventory.

Why this matters

Dust, washdown, corrosive liquids, heat sealing, high cycling and multi-shift use create different wear and inspection priorities. Routine work must never require guards or safety functions to be bypassed.

Decision table

FrequencyTypical focusEvidence
Each shiftCleaning, damage, leaks, air pressure, guards, sensors and consumablesOperator checklist
WeeklyBelts, chains, guides, tooling, drains and filtersInspection record
MonthlyLubrication, alignment, pneumatics, electrical condition and calibrationWork order
Risk-basedWear measurement, safety-function proof and backupsTechnician report
Major serviceLife-limited parts, controls, documents and trainingService report

Information to collect first

  • Create an asset register with model, serial and software version.
  • List wear parts and failure-critical parts separately.
  • Record part consumption and lead time.
  • Keep approved PLC/HMI backups and settings.
  • Track repeat failures and repair time.
  • Review the plan after product or shift changes.

Recommended method

  1. 1

    Start with the manufacturer schedule and site risk.

  2. 2

    Add safe operator-level checks.

  3. 3

    Set measurable replacement criteria.

  4. 4

    Classify spares by impact, probability and lead time.

  5. 5

    Review downtime data quarterly.

Common mistakes to avoid

  • Using the wrong lubricant or food-contact grade.
  • Replacing parts by calendar alone after the environment changes.
  • Holding many cheap parts but no critical controls.
  • Allowing unapproved substitutions.
  • Resetting recurring faults without root-cause action.

Questions people also ask

What is a critical spare?

A part whose failure can create unacceptable production, safety, quality or lead-time consequences and cannot be replaced quickly.

Should every wear part be stocked?

No. Use consumption, lead time, shelf life, cost and production consequence.

What should be recorded after a breakdown?

The initiating symptom, alarm, product, format, failed part, diagnosis time, repair time and permanent action.

How often should safety functions be tested?

Follow the machine instructions, risk assessment and competent-person inspection regime.

Relevant machinery routes

Continue to the appropriate specialist route

Use the links below after defining the product, pack, output and acceptance criteria.

Authoritative sources

Ask a production question